Files are placed on the file server using a utility called FTP. FTP is available for all systems and is simple. The first step is to log in. Since WebTyme uses a firewall, the login is a little different than when logging into an unsecured system.
First, a word about the machines. Designers who are working for WebTyme use a development machine named "webtyme". It is to this machine that files are uploaded. Clients who maintain their own accounts use a machine named "www1", all public servers are mirrored from this machine.
Whether you are a client, contractor or employee, you were assigned a user name and password on one of the machines. You were also assigned a user name and password for the firewall. For the purpose of this document, assume that you were assigned user name "jqpublic" using "password" as your password on webtyme. For the firewall your user name is "jpublic" with a password of "password2".
Here are the steps for starting an FTP session:
Note that the login consists of the username for the target machine (in this case webtyme), and the name of the target machine separated by the "@" character. The password consists of the password for the target machine followed by the password for the firewall. The two passwords are separated by the "@" character.
Here is a typical session. The characters I typed are in red.
[C:\]ftp fwext.webtyme.net IBM TCP/IP for OS/2 - FTP Client ver 08:36:08 on Jul 22 1996 Connected to fwext.webtyme.net. 220 internal CheckPoint FireWall-1 authenticated ftp server ready Name (fwext.webtyme.net): jqpublic@webtyme 331 aftpd: Unix password: you can use password@Unix Password Password: ................. 230-aftpd: User jqbublic authenticated by Unix System 230-aftpd: Connected to 207.211.153.135. Logging in... 230-aftpd: 220 webtyme FTP server (UNIX(r) System V Release 4.0) ready. 230-aftpd: 331 Password required for jqpublic. 230 User jqpublic logged in. ftp>
In some cases you will use a utility named "Telnet" to connect to one of the machines. Telnet is useful for changing the user rights of a file, changing your password and other maintenance functions. Logging in under telnet is a two step process consisting of authentication by the firewall, followed by the login to the target machine. Using the same username and password examples, the lteps are listed below, followed by a typical login seddion.
Here are the steps to start a Telnet session:
Here is a login session to the webtyme machine user input is shown in red.:
CheckPoint FireWall-1 authenticated Telnet server running on internal Login: jpublic Unix password: ........... User jpublic authenticated by Unix System Host: webtyme Connected to 207.211.153.135 UNIX(r) System V Release 4.0 (webtyme) login: jqpublic Password: ......... Last login: Tue Feb 25 20:09:07 from internal Sun Microsystems Inc. SunOS 5.5 Generic November 1995 You have new mail. 1 | webtyme//usr/home/jqpublic:
Note that in the above examples, the target machine was "webtyme" for clients who maintain their own sites the login process is the same, except that the the target machine will be "www1".
There are many sources of information available on the topic of Web Design and the specifics of HTML. Here we present a few tips to help you create a page that will function properly on the WebTyme server.
Your place on the WebTyme server:
The "document root" for www.webtyme.net is the directory "/data/www". This directory, also called a
"folder" contains the directories for each of the individual Web sites on the server. For example, the
directory to the WebTyme page is "/data/www/webtyme/". Inside of the "webtyme" directory are additional
files and folders. Your site will also be located in a folder inside "/data/www". The overall structure looks
like this:
/data
|_ /www
|_ /webtyme
|_ /your-web-site
|_ /some-other-site
Organizing Your Files:
Within your-web-site you can create as many files and folders that you need to present your page. At a
minimum, the directory for your website should contain a file called "index.html". It is from this document
that your page is formed. You should also consider creating a sub-directory called images in which you
can keep graphics apart from your documents. Your own structure might look like this:
/your-web-site
|_ /images
| |_ image1.gif
| |_ image2.gif
| |_ image3.gif
|_ index.html
|_ another_page.html
In the above example, there are two files (index.html and another_page.html) and a folder (/images) contained in "/your-web-site". In addition, the folder "/images" contains three image files. This is the model upon which the following discussion is based. Files ending with ".html" or "htm" are documents written for the web (html means HyperText Markup Language), and those ending in ".gif", ".jpg" or ".jpeg" are graphic files.
Creating a Page:
The first document presented to someone wishing to view your page is "index.html" . There are some
minimum requirements for this file which will be shown here. For more information on HTML you can refer
to any of the thousands of books on the subject, or go to the source, the W3 consortium.
HTML documents are made up of plain text, with formatting tags to tell the browser software how to present the text on the screen. A tag is contained between the "<" and ">" characters. In most cases there is both an opening tag and a closing tag. For example the tags to make a word bold is shown here: <b>bold text</b> Note that the closing tag is the same as opening tag with the exception that it is preceeded by the "/". This forward slash in a tag can be considered the same as "not", or in our example, "/b" means "not bold". The very first tag in an html document is <html>, and the very last tag is </html>. These tags are important because without them, the browser will not know how to present the document. Here are the pages to create a blank page. You can use them as a template to begin writing your home page.
1. <html> 2. <head> 3. <title></title> 4. </head> 5. <body> 6. </body> 7. </html>
The lines are numbered for easy reference. In practice you should not number your lines unless you want the numbers to appear on the screen when the page is presented. The first four lines make up the header for the page. The header is everything between the opening and closing "head" tags. The text portion of your page will be placed between the opening and closing "body" tags. Note that on line 3, there is an opening and closing set of "title" tags. Between them you can place a short title for your page that will be placed in the title bar of the browser when the page is viewed. That's really all there is to the basic theory of creating a page. Of course there are many more tags and many variations to the tags presented here. Again, there are many books and other sources of information on the subject of HTML.
There is one more tag that you must include in your basic page. It is the "base href" tag, and is used to tell the server where your documents are located. Without this tag the server may not be able to find your images or other documents. The "base href" tag is placed in the index.html file just before the closing "head" tag. It takes the form: <base href="http://your.domain.com/your_folder/">. There is no closing tag.
On your page, "your.domain.com" will be replaced with the name you registered with internic, and "your_folder" will be replaced with the real name of the subdirectory containing your web site. If you did not register a name with internic, you will still have a subdirectory under "/data/www" but you will use "www.webtyme.net" in place of "your.domain.com". Here are two examples. The first for a company that registered the domain name xyz.com with internic, and the second for a company without a domain name whos folder is "ultra". Note that as a standard practice the company with the domain xyz.com would have a subdirectory named "xyz" under "/data/www".
<base href="http://www.xyz.com/xyz/">
<base href="http://www.webtyme.net/ultra/">
Once a "base href" tag is included, you no longer need to refer to a document or image by using the entire
URL (uniform resource locator). For example the image3.gif file can be loaded with the simple name
"images/image3.gif". Without the reference, the entire URL, "http://www.xyz.com/xyz/images/image3.gif"
would be required to find the "image3.gif" file.
Here is a very simple page:
<html><head><title>XYZ Page</title> <base href="http://www.xyz.com/xyzr/"></head> <body> This is the home page of the XYZ company. </body></html>Click here to see how the browser shows the page.
Pretty boring page isn't it! Let's add some flair to the page. First, we will make the title large by adding "Heading" tags to the document. Heading tags look like this: <H1></H1>. If we put the tags before and after the title, the size of the characters will change.
<body> <H1>This is the home page of the XYZ company.</H1>. </body></html>